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The Ultimate Tmux Cheat Sheet & Guide

Prefix default: Ctrl + b (can be changed via set-option -g prefix C-a). All commands assume prefix is Ctrl + b. Replace as needed if you remap.

Getting Started & Sessions

  • tmux Start new session
  • tmux new -s name New session with name
  • tmux ls List all sessions
  • tmux attach -t name Attach to named session
  • tmux detach Detach (from inside tmux)
  • tmux kill-session -t name Kill session by name
  • tmux kill-server Kill all sessions (server)
  • tmux rename-session -t old new Rename session
  • tmux switch -t name Switch to session
  • prefix d Detach from session
  • prefix s Session chooser
  • prefix $ Rename current session
  • prefix : Open command prompt
  • prefix ? List key bindings
  • prefix , Rename current window
  • prefix w Window chooser

Windows & Tabs

  • prefix c Create new window
  • prefix p Previous window
  • prefix n Next window
  • prefix <0-9> Select window by number
  • prefix & Kill current window
  • prefix . Move window
  • prefix f Find window by name
  • prefix l Last window
  • rename-window newname
  • swap-window -t 2 Swap with window 2
  • move-window -t 3 Move to window 3
  • link-window -s src -t dst
  • unlink-window
  • kill-window
  • display-message '#W' Show window name

Panes

  • prefix % Split vertically
  • prefix " Split horizontally
  • prefix o Go to next pane
  • prefix q Show pane numbers
  • prefix ; Toggle between last two panes
  • prefix x Kill current pane
  • prefix { } Swap pane left/right
  • prefix z Toggle zoom pane
  • prefix <arrow> Move pane focus
  • prefix Alt + <arrow> Resize pane
  • join-pane -s 2.1 -t 1.0 Join window 2.1 to 1.0
  • break-pane Convert pane to window
  • swap-pane -[UDLR] Swap pane direction
  • select-pane -t :.+ Select next
  • set-window-option synchronize-panes on Sync panes
  • display-message '#P' Show pane index

Copy & Scroll Mode

  • prefix [ Enter copy mode
  • q Quit copy mode
  • Space Start selection
  • Enter Copy selection
  • PgUp/PgDn Scroll up/down
  • / Search forward
  • ? Search backward
  • n/N Next/Prev search result
  • :show-buffer Show top buffer
  • :list-buffers List all buffers
  • :save-buffer filename Save buffer to file
  • :delete-buffer -b N Delete buffer N
  • set -g mode-keys vi Use Vim keys in copy mode

Resizing & Layout

  • prefix Alt + ↑/↓/←/→ Resize pane
  • prefix Space Change pane layout
  • prefix q Show pane numbers
  • prefix { } Swap panes left/right
  • prefix z Zoom/unzoom pane
  • select-layout even-horizontal
  • select-layout even-vertical
  • select-layout main-horizontal
  • select-layout main-vertical
  • select-layout tiled

Mouse Support

  • set -g mouse on Enable mouse for resizing, selecting, etc
  • set -g mouse off Disable mouse support
  • setw -g mode-mouse on Enable mouse in copy mode (tmux <2.1)
  • Drag border to resize pane
  • Click pane/window to focus
  • Scroll mouse wheel to scroll history

Scripting & Automation

  • tmux new-session -d -s mysession Detached session
  • tmux send-keys -t mysession 'top' Enter Send command to pane
  • tmux new-window -t mysession:1 -n 'htop'
  • tmux split-window -h -t mysession:1
  • tmux select-pane -t mysession:1.0
# Script Example
tmux new-session -d -s dev
tmux new-window -t dev:1 -n code
tmux send-keys -t dev:1 'vim .' C-m
tmux split-window -h -t dev:1
tmux send-keys -t dev:1.1 'npm start' C-m
tmux attach -t dev

Config File (~/.tmux.conf)

# Prefix remap
set-option -g prefix C-a
unbind C-b
bind C-a send-prefix

# Mouse support
set -g mouse on

# Vim keys in copy mode
setw -g mode-keys vi

# Enable 256 color support
set -g default-terminal "screen-256color"

# Useful titles
set -g set-titles on
set -g set-titles-string "#S:#I.#P #W"

# Split pane shortcuts
bind | split-window -h
bind - split-window -v

# Reload config
bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; display-message "Config reloaded!"

Troubleshooting & Tips

  • tmux not responding to keys? Are you in a nested tmux session? Default prefix is Ctrl+b. Try Ctrl+b twice.
  • Copy/paste not working? Use set -g mouse on and try Shift+Mouse or enable system clipboard with tmux-yank plugin.
  • Terminal colors off? Check set -g default-terminal "screen-256color" in both ~/.tmux.conf and your terminal emulator.
  • Sharing tmux? Run tmux attach -t session from multiple terminals (same user).

Plugins & Extensions

Install TPM: git clone https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tpm ~/.tmux/plugins/tpm Then add plugins in ~/.tmux.conf and use prefix + I to install.

More Resources

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